বাংলা 
English 
Middle Life (1901–1932)
In 1901 Rabindranath moved with his whole family from Shilaidaha to Santiniketan, on the outskirts of Bolpur town in Birbhum district. Here Debendranath Tagore had founded an ashram in 1888 and a Brahma temple in 1891.
In the mango grove of the ashram, with a library, Rabindranath started an experimental school named ‘Brahmavidyalaya’ or ‘Brahmacharyashram’. On 23 September 1902 the poet’s wife Mrinalini Devi died at the age of only thirty. Then daughter Renuka died on 19 September 1903, father Debendranath Tagore on 19 January 1905 and youngest son Shamindranath on 23 November 1907.
Amid all this, in 1905 Rabindranath became involved in the Swadeshi movement against the partition of Bengal. In 1906 Rabindranath sent his eldest son Rathindranath Tagore to the United States to learn modern agriculture and animal husbandry. In 1907 he also sent his youngest son-in-law Nagendranath Gangopadhyay to the United States to study agricultural science.
At this time a financial crisis grew intense at the Brahmavidyalaya in Santiniketan. At the same time Rabindranath had to bear the expenses of his son’s and son-in-law’s education abroad. In such circumstances Rabindranath was compelled to sell his wife’s ornaments and the family house at Puri.
By then, however, Rabindranath’s poetic fame had already spread both in and beyond Bengal. After the poetry books Naibedya in 1901 and Kheya in 1906, his famous poetry book Gitanjali was published in 1910. In 1913 the Swedish Academy awarded Rabindranath the Nobel Prize in Literature for the English translation of the book Gitanjali (English translation, 1912). In 1915 the British government conferred on him the title of ‘Sir’ (knighthood).
In 1921, at Surul village not far from Santiniketan, with the support of the American agricultural economist Leonard Knight Elmhurst, Rathindranath Tagore and several other teachers and students of Santiniketan, Rabindranath founded an organization named ‘Palli Samgathana Kendra’ (Institute of Rural Reconstruction). The objectives of this organization were the improvement of agriculture, the prevention of diseases such as malaria, the setting up of cooperative granaries, good arrangements for medical care, and increasing health awareness among ordinary villagers. In 1923 Rabindranath renamed this organization ‘Sriniketan’. Sriniketan was an alternative arrangement to Mahatma Gandhi’s Swaraj movement, which centred on the spinning wheel and protest. Notably, Rabindranath was opposed to the method of Gandhi’s movement. Later, experts, donors and other office-bearers from home and abroad sent financial and other assistance for Sriniketan.
In the first part of the 1930s, in several speeches, songs and poems Rabindranath strongly criticized the varnashrama system and untouchability of Indian society.
